Conclusion

The two cases of fungal decay are at the later stages of infection and there is little thing can do except tree removal. The cause of infection is very likely due to the wound created by limb failure incident and new planter construction which can prevented by applying better arboricultural practices.

While the three risk cases are mostly related with poor maintenance, poor arboricultural treatment and human ignorance, such as topping cut, pruning of large branch, extensive root cut, as well as soil collapse incident due to development. The situation can be much better if there are inputs from an experienced arborist.

Finally, the defect detecting devices can be helpful to provide accurate assessment for the defects, yet the most important thing is the users should know how to apply the devices to real time operation regarding its limitations.

Word count: 4372

1. Introduction – 96
2. Fungal case 1 – 484
3. Fungal case 2 – 518
4. Other tree risk case 1- 780
5. Other tree risk case 2 – 621
6. Other tree risk case 3 – 491
7. Two defect detective systems – 1243
8. Conclusion – 139